The Methodological Guide contains basic information needed to effectively use the sets of preventive exercises. It discusses the development of human body posture, the main postural defects occurring in children and their causes, as well as the types of preventive exercises and some motor tests. Based on such tests, teachers can determine the children’s health condition and their level of psychomotor development. The guide gives teachers an insight into incorrect body postures and helps to support the development of the correct body postures in children.